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Pipeline Material Selection
When designing any pipeline system one of the first considerations
is the selection of the materials of construction followed by how to assemble
it. There are any number of materials available each of which has a place and
purpose however when designing special gas pipelines there are criteria that will
dictate the method of selection.
Pipeline Layer made by different materials
Source : www.piping-engineering.com
The pipeline material type can be Rigid, Flexible or Composite
There are different types of pipe which can be utilized for use as pipelines:
- Low carbon steel
- CRA Pipe
- Clad pipe
- Flexible pipe
- Flexible hose
- Coil tubing
The above pipes are manufactured in different forms:
- Seamless
- SAW
- ERW (mainly used in Onshore)
- HFI Welding
As a starting point we should look at each of the materials that
would normally be suggested assuitable;
1. Copper; used
for the majority of medical and laboratory gas pipelines
2. Stainless
Steel; used for Acetylene and in the electronics industry, not normally used
for high purity or ultra-high purity gases unless special conditions apply. It
is available in welded or seamless type.
3. Mild Steel;
used for industrial gases in a number of applications, not used for medical or
laboratory gases
4. Teflon; used
in small localised installations for some ultra-high purity gases
5. PVC; can be
used for limited applications mostly for negative pressure systems, there may
be issues with fire transmission when used without suitable fire protection and
compatibility problems with some VOCs.
These are not the full spectrum however will serve as a guide that
can be used for future selection as they are commonly suggested or are
regularly used for this purpose. To add further confusion to this there are a
variety of types of each of these that provide a range of options;
1. Wall
thickness for varying pressure requirements
2. Cleanliness
for different uses
3. Grades to
meet specific environments both internal and external
4. Post
manufacture treatment for specific purposes
Following on from this there are alternative methods of assembly
that are available each of which will have some direct impact on the gas supply,
there are concerns about what may occur within the pipeline such as;
1. Turbulence
2. Velocity
3. Pressure
4. Purity
5. Compatibility
6. Pressure
reduction due to frictional losses
Each of these points will be discussed later however at this stage
we need to look at what service that reticulating from one location to another
and in what condition it is supplied and in what condition it will be provided
at the termination of the pipeline. The material selection of pipelines is based on different parameters:
- Fluid properties
- Material cost
- Installation cost
- Operational cost
Source : "Pipeline Material Selection". http://www.gasdesign.com.au/files/Pipeline%20material%20selection.pdf , January 2015
"Pipeline Material Selection" http://www.piping-engineering.com/offshore-pipelines-design-activities.html , January 2015
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