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Standar Stress corrosion cracking can be a serious threat to the integrity of natural gas and petroleum pipelines. The pipeline industry responded to this threat by performing a comprehensive research program to determine the cause(s) of the failures and investigate various techniques for preventing future failures. A relatively concise list of discoveries has had a measurable impact on mitigation...
Pipe Stress Analysis: Basic Concepts Introduction It is common practice worldwide for piping designers to route piping by considering mainly space, process and flow constraints (such as pressure drop) and other requirements arising from constructability, operability and reparability. Unfortunately, pipe stress analysis requirements are often not sufficiently considered while routing and supporting piping systems, especially in providing adequate...
Understanding and preventing corrosion Corrosion causes billions of dollars worth of damage each year. As a result of this chemical-physical process, pipeline sections often have to be taken out of service and replaced. Corrosion can be caused by ineffective pipeline coatings, soil conditions and the circumstances under which a pipeline’s coating is rehabilitated onsite. In practice, surface preparation...
Pipeline commissioning means introducing crude/ product/Gas in the pipeline from originating station, filling the entire length and then start delivering to receipt system. Critical issues in commissioning a Petroleum Pipeline Movement of hydrocarbon in empty pipeline can generate static current Hydrocarbon Vapor mixed with oxygen may lead to explosion. There may be formation of Air / Vapor pocket...
There are different types of pipe flanges used in the piping systems depending upon the fluid, PT rating, material of construction, connecting equipment etc. Below are the types of flanges used in piping based on facing Source : http://www.piping-engineering.com/pipe-flanges-types-systems.html 1) Flat Face (FF) Flanges: These pipe flanges are used when the counter flanges are flat face. They are mainly used at connection...
Where two pipelines have to cross over each other there is a need to provide some protection to the pipeline crossing. There are several ways which this can be achieved. Protection is mostly provided at crossings by laying small pieces of rock to form a bridge over the bottom pipeline which in turn is covered by rock. This...
What’s is bottom roughness?It’s an analysis to predict the location of span along subsea pipeline after installation or during operation. So, what’s the different between free span analysis?free span analysis is “only” determine the maximum allowable length of pipeline that unsupported when laid on seabed. The criteria of allowable span is divided into VIV(Vortex Induced Vibration) and ULS...
